b a ckground: anoph eles culicifacies, a major malarial vector has been recognized as a complex of five sibling species, a, b, c, d and e. these sibling species exhibit varied vectorial capacity, host specificity and susceptibility to malarial parasites/ insecticides. in this study, a pcr assay developed earlier for distinguishing the five individual species was validated on samples of a n . cu...

aim : we aimed to develop a multiplex pcr assay for specific detection of epec and ehec pathotypes based on specific marker genes. background : about 2.5 million infant’s morbidity in developing countries occurs by e.coli pathotypes because of diarrhea and intestinal diseases. the traditional phenotypic methods are time consuming and sometimes detection and differentiation of the pathotypes are...

High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are associated with increased risk of normal cervical cells developing to dysplasia and cervical carcinoma. Therefore, HR-HPV DNA testing can predict an endpoint of cervical carcinogenesis that is earlier than the development of cervical abnormalities. Not only the sensitivity of methods but also the amount of HPV DNA are very important and might be pa...

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to play an important role in the genesis of cervical cancer. Since new screening and prevention strategies, namely improved HPV testing and HPV vaccination have been aggressively promoted recently, it is crucial to investigate the HPV distribution in Malaysia in order to maximize their cost-effectiveness. This study was therefor...

background: the ability to sensitively detect vibrio cholera with pcr-elisa method represents a considerable advancement over alternative more time-consuming methods for detection of this pathogen. the aim of this research is to evaluate the suitability of a pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive and rapid detection of v. cholera o1. methods: the 398-bp sequence of a gene that code...

objective: bacterial meningitis is a dangerous and sometimes fatal infection that affects the central nervous system. because some antibiotics can prevent some types of these bacteria and supress them from spreading and infecting, therefore it is important to know what type of virus or bacterium is causing meningitis. haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitides are the two main pathogens...